Mechanical movement.



C. PAULI.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

, APPLICATION FILED SEPTll?. 1915. 31923595@ Patented Feb. 6,1917..

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C. PAULI.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED sEPT.11,1915.'

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MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I1, I9I5.

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Iamed Feb. 6, v1917.

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C. PAULL MECHANICAL MVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1 1915.

Patented. Feb. 6, 1917.

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C. PAULI.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

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Patented Feb. 64,1917.

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CARL PAULI, 0F ROSELLE PARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 GARWOOD COMPANY, OF GARWOOD, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

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To all whom t may/econoom.'

B'e it known that l, CARL PAULI, a citizen of the United States, residing in Roselle Park, in the county of Union and State of New' Jersey, .have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Movements, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates Ato an improved mechanical movement, which vmovement finds particular utility as a hammer `for impact drills adapted for dental work, stone cutting, and the like.

' One of the important objects of the present invention is to provide in a rotary tool of the above-noted type, as few a number of parts in the operative element as possible and to construct a tool that' may be operated at an extremely high rate of speed by which the cumulative force deliveredin ia given period of time is ygreatly increased thereby adding to the eiiiciency of the tool to which this movement is applied.

A further object in the present movement is -to provide means structurally incorporated mto the movement whereby `the wear between the tool-holding shank or anvil and the impact member is evenly distributed.

A particular feature of the invention is the provision of a loosely mounted impact member maintained in striking position by centrifugal force and mounted suihciently loose to permit its rebounding or;yielding upon engagement with the anvil or other element cooperating therewith.

.Another feature of the invention is the provision of an eccentric for guiding the ring.

Features of one embodiment of the in vention are the provision of one or two disks on or between which an eccentric is fixed on which the ring or annular hammer Vis loosely mounted, the disks serving as lateral guides for such hammer; and the provision, 1n a combination having suoli 'disks between'which an eccentric is tiXed on which the annular hammer is mounted, of the formation, or rather deformation, of such disks so that they counterweight for the eccentric.

In the accompanying drawings, my device is shown in one of its forms of utility as a stone drill, although it is obvious that Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented lFelo. 53, i591?.

Application led September 17, 19,15.- Serial No. 51,187.

it may be adapted to any other requirement to which mechanical impact hammers are applied. v

These and other features, capabilities and illustrating one embodiment of the presentinvention in a complete working apparatus. Fig. 2 1s an end elevation ofthe same with the end covering disk removed.

Fig. 31s a fragmental side elevation illustrating the position of the hammer when in contact with the drill holder.

Fig. 4 is an elevation, parts being removed, illustrating the position of the hammer when engaging the drill holder.

Fig. is an elevation similar to-Fig. 4 showing the position of the hammer in a position most remote from the drill holder.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view showing the hammer and its mounting. the hammer being in engagement with the drill holder.

Figli 7 is afragmental end elevation of the parts shown in Fig.v 6.

.Figs S, 9 and 10 are fragmental elevational views, partly in section, illustrating threeV successive positions of the hammer when in the course of operation.

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of another embodiment of the present invention in which but one disk member is used, and in which a spring is added to assist the centrifugal force in maintaining the hammer in its outward position.

Fig. 12 is an end'elevation of the embodiment Ashown inFig. 11 with the hammer in contact 'with the anvil or tool-holding shank; and Fig. 13 is a similar side elevation showing the hammer in a position remote from the anvil or tool-holding shank.

F ig. 14 isa side elevation of the hammer detached.

Fig. 15 is a side elevation of still another embodiment of the invention in which the hammer or impact member is anchored in a rotatable housing.

Fig. 16 is an end elevation, partly in section, of lthe embodiment illustrated in Fig. 15.

- 1-1 affording cominunication between the .housing port-ions 12 and 13 through which pass the'connection from the motor M to the operating' ineans of the hammer R.

The enlarged housing portion 12 is provided, at its free end. the rear end of the apparatus, with a handle 15, and on lits` upper 'face with a handle 16 by means of which handles the apparatusis grasped and manipulated while being operated.

The motor M is resiliently mounted, it being attached by means of springs such as the pairs of springs 1T and 18 with the inner wall of the housing portion 12. The rear wall of the housing 12 is provided with an opening 19 through which passes the feed cable 2() for the mbtor M.

The small housing portion 13 is provided with a rear wall 21 dividing the housing 13 from the neck portion 14, which wall 21 extends inwardly of the outer wall of the neck portion 1-1. Such wall 21 is provided with a centrally disposed opening around which is formed a hub 22 to form a bearing for the collar 23 in which one end of the shaft2sL of the hammer is disposed. The other end of the shaft 2J; is disposed in the collar 25 fixed in the hub 2G centrally disposed of the disk 27 which is secured to the front edges of thel outer wall member of the small housing 13. The i'ear end of the shaft 24 is provided with a coupling member 28 having two fingers 29 spaced from oneanother o'n opposite sides of the center of such coupling member, which fingers 29 are adapted and when in proper position disposed to engage the fingers 30 of theicoupling member 31 fixed to the shaft of the motor M, the fingers 30 of the coupling .31 likewise being disposed on opposite sides of the center of such coupling member 31. By the aforesaid coupling members 28 and 31, a flexible connection is provided between the shaft 24 and the motor M, and thus the shocks, due to the engagement of the hammer R with the tool holder T,' be largely absorbed, and on the return to the motor M, the resilient mounting of the motor M further absorbing such injurious shocks.

The lower end of the housing 13 is pro. vided with a downwardly extending portion 32, the lower end of which is formed into a hub 33 through which extends the tool-receiving end 34 of the tool holder T, such tool holder T having a shoulder 35 above the tool-receiving end 34 by means of which it is anchored in place in said h-ub 33. Above the shoulder 35 extends the hammer-engaging portion 36 of the tool holder T. The disk 27 secured to the .front edges of the outer wall of the housing 13 has a downwardly extending portion 37 to engage the front edges of the downwardly extending portion 32 of the housing 13, such portion 37' extending to and engaging thehub 33.

On the shaft 21 is secured the hammerguiding member R. in the present instance, the hammer-guiding member comprises an eccentric mounted on the shaft 21 and fixed to rotate with the same. Preferably, though not necessarily, disks D are provided to which. in the present instance, the hammer guiding member E is secured, the disks forming lateral guiding or confining members for the hammer R and being keyed to the shaft 2st or in any other suitable way fixed to rotate with the shaft 21. The disks D, as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, are con*- strncted to counterweight 'for the eccentric E, in the present ins'tance,each disk being provided with a number of holes 38 in one half thereof to diminish the weight of such half an amount sutiicient so that the weightof' such eccentric E will'be counterbalanced by said disks D and permit the even rotation of such shaft 2-t and the disks D and eccentric E.

The hammer R comprises essentially an annular member or ring, (Fig. 14) of any suitable width and thickness, in the present instance, however, prefeably being of a width slightly less than the width of the eccentric. E iso that the hammer R will have a good working fit between the disks D. The size of the opening of the hammer R is essentially such that the hammer R may project beyond the peripheries of the disks D when engaging the face fr of the eccentric E, and on the other hand be wholly confined within the peripheries of the disks D when engaging the face 7) of such eccentric E. The disks D preferably have the width smaller than the width of the hammer R.

The operation of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 10 is as followsf lVhen the shaft 24 is rotated the hammer R will gradually, by means of centrifugal force, work its way to the face a of the eccentric E where it will project beyond the peripheries of the disks D, the apparatus having previously been set into engagement with the Work to be operated upon, the whole apparatus will rest on the tool held in the tool holder T, in which position the tool holder T,

l as shown in'Fig. 1,-will be maintained nora of the eccentric E. .Upon the continued rotation of the shaft 21, due to centrifugal force, the hammer R will again assume its outwardly projecting position in which it engages the face a ofthe eccentric E.

By meansof the foregoing arrangement, it is made possible that the wear on vthe hammer R will be evenly distributed throughout its entire peripheral surface. This is accomplished in that, whenever the hammer li engages the tool-holder T, due to friction, it will be retarded slightly relative to the-rotation of the shaft 24, and upon the next engagement of the face @by the hammer R, the, hammer R will have changed its position and thus the engaging portion of the hammer R will be continually changing and gradually walk entirely around the i'ieripheral surface thereof.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 11 to 123 inclusive. there is provided a housing Jf() comprising a disk member 41 and a crescent-shaped member 42 integral therewith on one side thereof. The housing 40 fixed on the shaft lf2- to rotate therewith.' (')n the shaft 43 is loosely mounted a hammer 11- substantially identical with the hammer R shown in Fig. 15, which used in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 1t). The outer periphery ofthe hammer 44, as is shown, is preferably such that even in its most retracted position, its center of gravity will be eccentric to the shaft 43 and nearer the open side of the crescent-shaped member 12 than the closed side of the same.

For assisting the centrifugal force in maintaining the hammer 11 in its outer anvil-engaging position, a flat spring 4:5 is

provided whichv is secured in a` recess 46 'formed in the trough of .the crescent-shaped member 12. In Figs. 11 and 12, the hammer Jf-t is shown in engagement with a toolholding shank 57` whileJI in Fig. 13, the toolholdiugshank 5T is in engagement with the crescent-shaped member 42.

The operation of thepresent embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 10, therefore reference may be had to the explanation of the operation ,of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 10.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 15 to- 17 inclusive, there is provided a. housing 48 comprising a disk member 4S) and a crescentshapedmember This housing 48 is mounted to rotate with a shaft 51, which is preferably integral with the housing 48 and extends from the disk member 49; The shaft. 5() is formed so that the opening between its two parallel edges 52 is considerably narrower than the ygreatest width of the chamber 53 formed by the crescentshaped member 50. This formation is such that when the hammer or impact member 54 is positioned in said chamber 53, it may be free to rebound and yet be anchored in. said chamber and against discharge therefrom through such opening formed between the edges The hammer or impact member 51 in the present embodiment comprises cssentially a cylindrical member of a diameter greater than the distance between the edges 52, and less than the diameter of the chamber 53, so that the same cannot be discharged between the edges 52 and yet be free to rebound in said chamber For securing the hammer 5J: against lateral displacement, a disk member 55 is secured to the lateral side 56 of the crescent-shaped member 50. The disk-shaped member 19 of thehousing 48, and the disk-shaped member 55, preferably have a straight side 57 at the side between `the edges 52, both for apperance and to eounterweight for the increase of weight on that side due to the overhanging or out Yardly extending portion of the hammer 5st. i

In Figs. 15 and 16, the hammer' 54 is shown in engagen'ient with the tool-holding shankl 58. The operation of this embodiment is also similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 10, and therefore it will suffice to refer to the explanation of the operation of the latter embodiment.

It is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made to the details of construction without in any way departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.

I claim:

1. In a mechanical movement, arotatable shaft7 an anchoring member encircling said `shaft and mounted on said shaft, and an an nular hammer encircling said shaft and an chored by said anchoring member to be actuated by the rotation of said shaft thereby te, be swung into a position where its center of gravity is remote -from the center of gravity of ysaid shaft, said fioating member being in the form of a ring.

2. In a mechanical movement, a .rotatable shaft, an eccentric guiding member mounted to rotate with said shaft, and an annular hammer through which said shaft extends and guided by Saideccentric and adapted to be actuated by the rotation of said shaft to be swung' into a. position where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft. f

3. In amechanical movement, a rotatable shaft, an eccentric mounted to rotate with said shaft, and an annular hammer through which said shaft extends and guided by said eccentric'and adapted to be actuated by the rotation of said shaft to swing into a posi- `tion where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft.

4. Inl a mechanical movement, an annular hammer, a shaft extending through said hammer, and means for locating said ham mer eccentric to said shaft so that when said hammer i;

shaft is rotated said hammer will be thrust into a position where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft.

5. In a mechanical movement, an annular hammer, a shaft extending through said ns for locating said hammer in a 'p non eccentric to said shaft, said hammeriiaving'conside able play for movement relative to said shaft, and nieansfor normally maintaining saidhammer in a position where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft.

6. In a mechanical movement, a floating member, a shaft extending through said floating member, means for locating said floating member in a position eccentric to said shaft, said floating member having considerable play for movement relative to said shaft, and means for positively rotating said shaft thereby t0 actuate said floating member into a position where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft.

7. A percussion tool having a rotatable shaft, an eccentric on said shaft, an annular hammer loosely mounted on said eccentric, and means for rotating said shaft thereby to actiiate said hammer into ar position where its center of gravity is remote from the center of gravity of said shaft.

8. In a percussion tool, the combination with a rotatable shaft, of an annular hammer, a tool-liolder normally extending into the path of movement of said hammer when actuated, means on said shaft for loosely mounting said hammer, said hammer encircling said shaft, said means permitting the rebounding of said hammer when it eiigages the tool-liolder in tlie'actl of striking the saine and means for rotating. said shaft.

9. In a percussion tool, the combination with a rotatable shaft, of an annular hammer, a tool-holdernormally extending into the path of movement of said hammer when actuated, an eccentric on said shaft for loosely mounting said hammer, said eccentric confining said hammer between a position slightly eccentric to said shaft to permit the ready outward thrust of said hammer into engagement with said tool holder when said shaft isrotated, and an extreme eccentric position'whei'e the tool holder will be disposed in the path of movement of said hammer, said eccentric permitting the rebounding of said hammer when it engages the'tool-holder in the act 4of striking the same and means for rotating said shaft.

cular to'permit the walking around of said hammer on said eccentric to continually change lthe engaging face of said hammer with said tool-holder.

11. In a percussion tool, the combination with Va casing having a large housing, a small housing, and a neck portion connecting said housings, a motor disposed in said large housing, a hammer disposed in said small housing, a shaft in said small housing on whichsaid hammer is mounted, a connection connecting said motor With said hammer extending through saidneck portion, said neck comprising a coupling member on said shaft provided with outwardly extending fingers, and a coupling member on said motor hrovided with outwardly extending fingers adapted to engage the outwardly extending fingers of said shaft thereby to provide a yieldable connection between said motor a'iid said shaft.

l2. In a percussion tool, the combination with a casing having a large housing, a small housing, and a neck portion connecting said housings, a motor disposed in said large housing, resilient means for mounting said motor in said large housing, a hammer disposed in said small housing, a shaftin said small housing on which Said hammer is mounted, a connection connecting said motor with said hammer and extending through said neck portion, said connection comprising a coingling` member on'said shaft provided with outwardly extending fingers, and a coupling -member on said motor provided with outwardly extending fingers adapted to engage the outwardly extending fingers of" said shaft, said coupling members and resilient mounting means of said motor absorbing the shocks occasioned by the operation of said hammer and preventing the return of such. shocksto said motor.

13. In 'a percussion tool, the combination with a shaft, of an annular hammer, a toolliolder normally extending into the path of movement of said hammer when actuated, an eccentric on said shaft for loosely mounting said hammer, and a disk on both sides of said hammer laterally guiding the same.

lhIn a percussion tool, the combination with a shaft, of an annular hammer, a toolholder normally extending into the path-of movement of said hammer when actuated, disks spacedl from one another and mounted on said shaft, and an eccentric secured between said disks on which said han-imei' is looselymounted, the disks serving to laterally guide said hammer.

l5. In' a percussion tool, the combination with a rotatable shaft, of an annular hammer, a tool-holder normally extending into the path of movement of said hammer when actuated,eccentric supporting means on said shaft. and an eccentric secured to said supporting means, the annular hammer encirlli) cling said eccentric, said eccentric permitting the rebounding of said hammer when it engages the tool-holder in the act of striking the same.

16. In apercussion tool, the combination With a shaft, of an annular hammer, a toolholder, disks spaced from one another and fixed on said shaft, a seat secured between said disks on which said hammer is loosely mounted, the disks being of smaller diameter than said annular hammer, 'said annular hammer projecting beyond the peripheries of said disks When rotated, and the toolholder normally extending into the path of movement of said hammer when? so projecting'be'yond the peripheries of said disks to be engaged thereby.

v117.111 a-Lpercus'son tool, the combination with a rotatable shaft, of an annular hammer, .u tool-holder, eccentric supporting means fixed on said shaft, an eccentric se? A. M. WILLIAMS, y M. R. RYAN. 

